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Informatics in school

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No 2 (2022)
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TEACHING PRACTICES

4-17 666
Abstract

The article sequentially examines the content of the terms: computerization of education, informatization of education, digitalization of education, and digital transformation of education. The essence of digital transformation in the feld of mathematics education is concretized. It is proposed to defne digital transformation of mathematics education as overcoming the new digital divide, carried out by eliminating the inequality in the use of digital technologies by the subjects of the educational process. Elimination of such inequality, from our point of view, is possible thanks to the development and implementation of effective digital teaching materials and technologies in the school's practice. Among the technologies we have highlighted are: artifcial intelligence, the Internet of things, additive manufacturing, machine learning, blockchain, virtual and augmented reality. We have described the possibilities of implementing these technologies using the example of teaching schoolchildren to stochastics, one of the branches of mathematics.

18-27 348
Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of tools for the development of analytical thinking of students in informatics lessons. The article presents the author's approaches to the term "analytical thinking", considers practical tasks and examples from the school course of various subjects aimed at developing students' analytical thinking. The following educational technology for the development of analytical thinking is considered in the form of three stages: challenge; comprehension of the content; reflection. An overview of typical tasks from the theme "Modeling and formalization" is presented. The author's approach to the study of the line "Modeling and formalization" in the teaching materials on informatics by N. N. Samylkina, I. A. Kalinin is considered. The following is a review of the laboratory work developed by us on building models: agent-based modeling (model of the consumer market; model of trafc flows); system-dynamic modeling (epidemic spread model; supply chain model); discrete-event modeling (bank ofce model; car service model). A detailed example of building a simulation model of trafc flows using the AnyLogic software package is analyzed, and a series of analytical tasks is also proposed.

28-34 245
Abstract

The article presents the rationale and relevance of developing a graphic design course “Digital Art” as a project that contributes to the development of students’ creative abilities, their social and professional self-determination and self-realization. The author’s view on the application of various teaching technologies at the stages of studying theoretical material and mastering practical skills is presented. The results of the analysis of the capabilities of the CoreApp service, designed to create online courses, are presented. CoreApp is an education-focused platform that provides tools for creating educational content based on pedagogical templates and improving learning outcomes with an analytics recommender system. The article considers the importance of additional education for basic school students as a factor in the development of a variable component of general education that contributes to the improvement of the individual.

35-38 276
Abstract

The article presents a ten-year experience of the development and implementation of a personalized mastery-based learning model to renew the educational process in a public school. The model assumes that 1) externally set learning goals should be processed by the students and become their personal goals, 2) the success of learning is ensured by individualizing the pace, organization and methods of teaching, educational materials and special efforts of teachers to develop personal qualities of the student. Six interrelated tasks that the educational organization systematically solved during the experiment are described. The effectiveness of the developed model of educational work is evidenced by the high marks of students in the state exams in informatics and the results of the annual state graduation tests.

39-45 678
Abstract

The article discusses the relevance of teaching schoolchildren the basics of artifcial intelligence. The importance of chatbots is emphasized as a component of the content of the theme "Fundamentals of artifcial intelligence" for the development of interdisciplinary links of the school course of informatics with other areas of knowledge. The theoretical aspects of teaching schoolchildren the technology of creating chatbots are considered: the characteristics of the basic concepts, historical information, the most common classifcation, the mechanism for processing user requests by the chatbot. Guidelines for teaching the technology of creating a chatbot are proposed. The designers for creating chatbots available for development by schoolchildren are listed. A plan of practical work "Creating a chatbot in the Aimylogic online constructor" is given. In order to illustrate the results of approbation of the educational material under consideration, examples of chatbots are given: a chatbot that talks about various types of algebraic equations; a chatbot — assistant for fractions; a chatbot — consultant on the theme "Algorithm and its properties. Ways of algorithm representation". The presented examples include the structure of the chatbot dialog created in the Aimylogic constructor and in the Pencil Code service.

46-48 245
Abstract

The article discusses the concept of "decimal number system". Based on the analysis of a number of sources, it is concluded that this concept can be used in two cases: 1) when 10 characters (numbers) are used to write numbers, this option will be positional in nature; 2) when the number is represented as signs corresponding to powers of 10 (this will be a non-positional decimal system). In this regard, such a concept of informatics as "mixed number system" is also specifed. It is argued that we can talk about two types of mixed number systems: 1) "mixed" in terms of the positional nature of individual systems; 2) "mixed" in terms of the basis of individual systems. Attention is drawn to an erroneous example of a mixed number system given in a number of sources related to school informatics (on teacher sites, forums, etc.) and on the popular Wikipedia website.

ОЛИМПИАДЫ ПО ИНФОРМАТИКЕ

49-57 312
Abstract

The article describes the preparation of high school students for the Olympiads on the basics of artifcial intelligence. An analysis of existing Russian and foreign competitions in artifcial intelligence for schoolchildren is presented. The main technologies of artificial intelligence are described. The place of data mining is determined as one of the basic sections of data science and an important fundamental skill for the implementation of tasks in the feld of artifcial intelligence. The features of the implementation of such Olympiads are highlighted, the difculties that participants may encounter when performing Olympiad tasks are identifed. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to create educational modules for preparing for Olympiads in artifcial intelligence.

The structure and content of the educational module for preparing high school students for the Olympiad "The Way to Success" (section "Fundamentals of Artifcial Intelligence"), held on the basis of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University. An analysis of the creative task for preparing for the fnal round of the Olympiad is presented. The task is associated with the use of data mining methods, in the course of its implementation, the students examined a data set — comments of Internet users about a foreign series in order to determine their attitude towards the main characters of the series, to identify countries where the series turned out to be the most popular and discussed.

The results of the qualifying round of the Olympiad showed the following: the schoolchildren who completed the training within the framework of the educational module were able to get into the fnal of the Olympiad, the rest of the schoolchildren could not overcome the threshold value of the qualifying testing. The article notes that preparation for modern Olympiads in any subject area is an important factor for passing to the fnal. However, teachers of informatics and mathematics are not yet ready to help schoolchildren solve Olympiad problems in artifcial intelligence, it is important that such educational tracks are provided for the participants by the organizers of the Olympiads.

ЗАДАЧИ

58-64 200
Abstract

The methodology for studying the theme "Recursive solving of the problem using the "divide & conquer" method" in preparing schoolchildren for Olympiads in informatics is illustrated in the article by solving the "Head on shoulders" problem. The solution of this problem includes several algorithms (subtasks) considered sequentially, namely: merge sort, counting the number of inversions in a permutation, the number of pairs of intersecting segments. The study of the method is based on the sequential solution of these subtasks. For each subtask, the following materials are given: the formulation of the subtask, the idea of a solution with a proposal to come up with an implementation on their own, the solution in the Pascal programming language. Distance learning system DL.GSU. BY is the effective technical base for teaching. The system allows to offer for a student a formulation of the task; to submit the solution for review; to get a verdict from the system — a correct or incorrect solution; for incorrect solution, the number of the test on which the solution did not pass is indicated. A student can take a test (input and output data), on which his solution did not pass, fgure out what the error is in his program, correct and send the solution again.

65-70 173
Abstract

The article discusses aspects of the formation of universal learning activities for students on the theme "Databases. Search for information" using differentiated tasks. The use of differentiated tasks makes it possible to ensure the implementation of a student-centered approach to learning within the framework of the traditional class-lesson system, taking into account the interests and needs of students. It is the variability of differentiated tasks that will ensure the formation of universal learning activities for each student.

On the basis of thematic planning by K. Yu. Polyakov, E. A. Eremin three practical and one control works have been developed. The works contain tasks for three groups of students: with a low level of learning opportunities, with a high level of learning opportunities, and others. When solving tasks, students will be supported by positive motivation, personal growth will be ensured, a desire for selfrealization will be formed, which will ultimately ensure the formation of universal learning activities.

СРЕДСТВА ИКТ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ

71-82 456
Abstract

The theme "Algorithmization and programming" is one of the key themes in the school informatics course. The material of this theme is present in the tasks of the Main State Examination and the Unifed State Examination. Most often, its study takes place in grades 8–9 in the programming languages Python, Pascal, C++. However, for successful study, it is very important to lay the foundations and basic concepts of the theme in the lower grades. To do this, you can use block programming, in which the program is not typed manually by the student, but is assembled from pre-prepared blocks, like a puzzle. There are a fairly large number of such block programming environments, and the authors of this article decided to create the so-called Navigator of Block Programming Environments, in which to visually structure the available information. For each environment represented, the Navigator contains brief information about the environment, links to the ofcial website and a number of useful materials for acquaintance and study of this environment. It was decided to include environments in the Navigator that are free and cross-platform. It can be useful for informatics teachers to get acquainted with new block programming environments that can be used as а part of regular and extracurricular activities.

83-90 524
Abstract

The article considers aspects of application of immersive information technologies (a term that combines technologies of augmented and virtual reality) in an educational process. It analyses practices of application of immersive information technologies in education: the Russian constructor of virtual and augmented reality projects EV Toolbox and an academic school textbook on physics for grade 7 by V. V. Belaga et al. that supports augmented reality. Main constraining factors when using immersive technologies are formulated. To fnd a solution for some of the existing problems, the authors propose using software with a free license, in particular, the Unity development framework, for which a detailed algorithm is given to design an AR application for Android. The process and result of designing a mobile AR application for the informatics textbook for grade 7 by L. L. Bosova, A. Yu. Bosova via the Unity development framework and the Vuforia cloud service are described. Testing of the created resource showed that using the augmented reality technology in textbooks provides many advantages. One of the most important of them is that there is no binding to Internet, and it is possible to use this application irrespective of location. Additionally, this technology dovetails with distance learning, since it gives incentives for learning the material and encourages attracting attention to its academic content. Capabilities of virtual reality are shown by the example of an application for testing an UAV model.



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ISSN 2221-1993 (Print)