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Informatics in school

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No 2 (2024)
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ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ

4-16 331
Abstract

The article continues to consider the changed approaches to control and evaluation activities in accordance with the requirements of the updated Federal State Educational Standard for basic general education. The article "Intra-school control: System for evaluating subject outcomes in informatics (level of basic general education)" ("Informatics in School", No. 4-2023) examined intra -school assessment and its components in general. The current article presents in detail the use of formative assessment (assessment for learning) in the ongoing and thematic monitoring of educational results in informatics. The characteristics of formative assessment, the experience of using it to improve the quality of learning and the use of different techniques of assessment for learning are presented. Using specific examples of various formative assessment techniques, assignments, assessment criteria and the conversion of points into grades, the difference in assessment materials for current and thematic control in the study of informatics is demonstrated.

ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЕ УРОКИ

17-23 209
Abstract

The article discusses the possibilities of using the Excel spreadsheet processor, studied in informatics lessons, in conjunction with a discipline such as chemistry. The implementation of an integrated lesson in informatics and chemistry is justified. The lesson on the theme "Spreadsheets in the study of electrolytes properties" is provided. At the updating stage, with the help of an interactive test, the repetition of knowledge in informatics about the Excel spreadsheet processor, as well as in chemistry about electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, and the dependence of the electrical conductivity of electrolytes on various factors is organized. At the motivational-target stage of the lesson, a methodological technique such as "Quoting statements of famous people" is used. At the stage of applying knowledge and skills, students conduct a mini-research "Dependence of the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solutions on concentration", during which they apply knowledge and skills in informatics to carry out chemical calculations, design and process the obtained experimental data, as well as to construct a dependence. At the stage of summarizing the lesson and reflection, students are invited to take part in an automated survey, the result of which is a "word cloud". Homework includes performing calculations in chemistry using an Excel spreadsheet.

TEACHING PRACTICES

24-34 203
Abstract

Today, significant changes are taking place in the educational process, affecting its various aspects: innovative methods and technologies are being added to traditional methods and technologies, new forms of interaction with students using information technologies are emerging, and learning is becoming more personal and practice-oriented.

However, despite all the innovations, the key figure in the learning process is still the teacher, whose personal and professional qualities play an important role in the process of formation of students' personalities. This means that it is necessary to look for ways to optimize the training of future teachers, aimed at forming those qualities of a teacher's personality that will contribute to the organization of an effective and efficient learning process and upbringing of the younger generation.

Since 2021, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, together with the Academy of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, has begun work on the introduction of specialized psychological and pedagogical classes into educational organizations and their development. To date, there are already more than 3,300 classes in 80 regions of our country, and by December 2024 there should be at least 5,000 of them. Already at the stage of school education, it is advisable to form a students' knowledge base in the pedagogical field, which will serve as a basis for the formation of skills, as well as for further development and improvement in this area. Accordingly, the practical component of the learning process becomes important. One of the academic subjects within which it is possible to organize serious practical activities for immersion in the profession is an "Individual project".

The article presents methodological recommendations for organizing project activity aimed at developing knowledge and skills in the pedagogical field, in psychological and pedagogical classes within the framework of the academic subject "Individual project". This activity is organized using online cooperation. The basis of this project activity is the synergy of a practice-oriented approach, inter[1]disciplinary communications, information technologies and career guidance. The result of each student's project should be an individual finished product  — a digital educational resource. The placement of such products in a common space will bring students closer to understanding what the digital educational environment is and how it can be used in professional activity.

35-43 235
Abstract

The article presents and describes in detail the laboratory work “Digital circuit design and algebra of logic: creation of digital devices in an online simulator”, conducted for high school students at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The introduction describes the place of the lesson in the system of interaction between organizations of secondary general and higher levels of education; based on the considered problems of education in the field of digital circuitry, the rationale for the need for this laboratory work is given. The practice-oriented nature of the considered laboratory work in informatics necessitates the use of modern modeling tools. This laboratory work uses the online environment Logic.ly, which allows you to create and explore digital devices: half-adder, adder, flip-flops, multi-plexers, decoders. The main characteristics, structure and stages of the lesson, subject content and interdisciplinary connections, target subject and meta-subject results based on a modern competency-based approach are described in detail.

44-52 219
Abstract

Recursion is one of the most difficult themes of the school course of informatics. The use of a drawing actor software allows schoolchildren to form a mental algorithmic scheme of the principles how recursive programs are designed and work. This will simplify the perception of more complex aspects of this theme at further stages of education.

The following concepts are explained using simple illustrative examples without going beyond the limited capabilities of the learning environment: recursive call of a procedure, deferred return from the procedure, head- middle- and tail-recursion. It is shown how a WHILE and a DO-WHILE loop can be implemented using recursion.

It is demonstrated how the use of recursion leads to a reduction in program size and its execution time by the example of the non-standard problem of drawing a square. Examples of problems for a graphic actor are given, solutions of which can only be designed using recursion. It shows how recursion increases the possibilities of positioning the drawing actor.

It is proposed to use the drawing actor software "Bukashka" ("Ladybug") for training sessions. It is computer platform agnostic, the implementation "Kangaroo Roo" compatible and can be integrated into the information environment of an educational organization

53-60 207
Abstract

Functional literacy, understood as the ability to apply knowledge, skills and abilities to solve life tasks in various spheres, can be developed at informatics lessons by performing special tasks. As a rule, such tasks include projects. Each project implies relevance, problems, purpose, stage, plan and a certain number of tasks to fulfill, as well as anticipation of the result. The article presents the experience of realization of the project "A book with your own hands", which creates effective conditions for the development of several types of functional literacy and contributes to the harmonious development of students' personality. The project can be realized among schoolchildren of any age and any form of education (full-time or distance learning, in-class and extracurricular). It is possible to modify each component of the project, starting from the theme and ending with the software. Everything depends on the level of students' training and their development potential. The project can be further developed by adding a project defense as a  stage of public presentation of the experience.

61-72 174
Abstract

The article presents a project aimed at popularizing engineering education, developing engineering thinking, digital competencies, and the ability for spatial imagination among schoolchildren, including children with disabilities. The project involves being carried out as part of the course "Designing 3D models of composite products in the KOMPAS-3D environment" additional practical classes in a computer class with the KOMPAS-3D program — additional training in 3D modeling as professional orientation to modern engineering specialties. Our task is to explain to schoolchildren the prospects and demand for the profession of an engineer. The system of additional education today provides children with the opportunity to discover and develop their talents in various areas: technical, artistic, tourism and local history, social and pedagogical, etc., which will help them develop individual abilities, achieve great results, and self-determinate professionally and personally. This is especially true for children with disabilities, since it is in the field of additional education that they will be able to realize their potential in accordance with their interests, capabilities and desires. It is for them that we tried to develop an additional general developmental program, taking into account the developmental characteristics of students and create special conditions, without which mastering these programs is impossible or difficult.

FINAL CERTIFICATION IN INFORMATICS

73-80 257
Abstract

The article presents a brute-force programing-based approach to solving tasks on IP addresses and subnet masks included in the newest demonstration version of the test materials for the Unified State Exam in informatics. Although authors of the tasks suggest to solve tasks of this type analytically, all the solution steps can be successfully automated. The article presents various options for solving typical tasks in Python and PascalABC.NET, including the use of ipaddress module from the Python standard library and special classes for handling network addresses from school module for PascalABC.NET. The techniques proposed in the article can be useful for students who have a good knowledge of programming, allowing them to save time when solving this class of USE tasks.

81-86 157
Abstract

The article discusses the tasks of the "Modeling" section of the informatics course of secondary general education. The proposed tasks illustrate the basic concepts and ideas of multithreaded processes.

The first task is presented in the form of a case. When working on a task, students need to develop an action plan to solve the task, present the plan in the form of a table and diagram. As a result of the work, it is necessary to bring students to the conclusion about the need to divide the entire process into parts and to carry out each part in parallel in order to effectively allocate time.

The second task is intended to prepare students for the Unified State Exam in informatics in 2024 (task 22 "Construction of mathematical models for solving practical problems. Architecture of modern computers. Multiprocessor systems").

When developing and constructing a computational computer model, subsequent visualization of numerical data, and conducting a computer experiment for the purpose of data analysis, the process of developing students' functional literacy continues.



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ISSN 2221-1993 (Print)