КОНКУРС ИНФО-2023
The article presents the diagnostic work to determine the level of functional literacy in students of 7th–8th grades, including reading, natural science and mathematical literacy. Assessment of functional literacy is aimed at identifying the conditions for successful learning of students in basic school in the subject “Informatics”. The peculiarity of tasks for the development of functional literacy is that the problems and tasks in them are described using the example of life situations and are initially posed outside a specific subject area.
The relevance of the article is due to the fact that all-Russian testing is not carried out in the subject “Informatics” — monitoring the quality of students’ training, including checking the development of functional literacy, therefore this diagnostic work will be in demand by informatics teachers.
The diagnostic work can be used to monitor the formation of universal educational activities in working with information and reading, to test the ability to apply basic mathematical and natural science knowledge in situations of a practice-oriented nature, as well as the ability to conduct research.
One variant is used for diagnostics. It includes an introductory text explaining the situation and tasks for it, built on the context of educational material in various subject areas (informatics, mathematics, natural science).
The article discusses the experience of the laboratory “CONSTRUCTORiUM” of Omsk State Pedagogical University in creating an ecosystem of engineering and polytechnic education. The main directions and forms of work are described: TEXcommunity School, TEXcommunity Teacher, TEXcommunity Family. TEXcommunity School is the creation and expansion of a network of specialized clubs for students in preschool, basic, secondary vocational and higher education institutions; conducting master classes and training seminars, tournaments, Olympiads, game programs of engineering and polytechnic orientation; organizing the work of specialized shifts in school and away camps during the holidays. TEXcommunity Teacher is the organization of master classes and training seminars, dialogue platforms, professional skills competitions, advanced training courses, internships for teachers of preschool, basic, additional, secondary vocational and higher education institutions; development and distribution of educational and methodological materials. TEXcommunity Family provides master classes, individual consultations, and examinations for parents; organization of family events, competitions, engineering and polytechnic tournaments.
Information visualization is an integral feature of the modern world; it contributes to a better understanding and use of information in various spheres of society. Infographics are one of the forms of information visualization; its use in the educational process helps create interesting lessons, promotes better memorization and assimilation of educational material, motivates students to study a specific topic, and also develops independent work skills in general and information presentation skills in particular. The article provides a brief description of educational and methodological support in informatics for 7th grade, as an addition to which an infographic created by the authors is proposed. Possible options for using this infographic at different stages of the educational process during individual and group work of students are described.
The article discusses the use of project technology in the study of informatics. A comparative analysis of various approaches to the concept of "functional literacy" is presented. Project technology is considered as one of the effective means of developing all types of functional literacy in students: reading, mathematical, global competencies, creativity. As an example, a model of an educational project on the themes "Information and its properties", "Information processes", intended for students of the 7th grade, is given. A special feature of the project "The past to remember" is its interdisciplinary nature. The solution to the problem of mastering an educational theme in informatics is implemented using historical material dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. The article describes in detail the stages of project development from concept to its immediate implementation. The presented methodological recommendations, the author's approaches to the formation of problem-thematic issues, the form of carrying out the project activities and the presentation of its results can be useful to the teacher when planning and organizing project activities both in informatics lessons and during extracurricular hours.
Each informatics teacher, with proper selection of the educational content of the course, can, from lesson to lesson, form a citizen of his country who respects work, the people around him, who loves his family, his Motherland. The result of generalizing the experience of teaching informatics and educational work, accumulated by the authors of the article over the years of teaching activity, was the construction of models of upbringing practices. The future of each child and the future of Russia as a whole will largely depend on how the teacher uses the proposed tool in upbringing students through his subject. The article provides examples of how, by offering subject material for study, it is possible through the entire informatics lesson to develop in students a love for nature, a sense of camaraderie, pride in the heroism of the people during the war, and respect for people of different professions.
TEACHING PRACTICES
The article discusses the prospect of teaching elements of machine learning in high school. An overview of foreign experience in studying the fundamentals of machine learning at school is presented. A system of tasks is proposed for an elective course on machine learning for high school students in Russian secondary schools. An analysis of five typical tasks of competitive programming, which are the author's development, was carried out, and each task has its own rating, similar to those offered on the well-known resources of the informatics Olympiad movement: CodeForces, LeetCode, AtCoder. The elective is intended for schoolchildren who already have basic knowledge of programming in Python 3, and consists of three modules that are aimed at different levels of proficiency in this programming language. The student has the opportunity to increase or decrease the level of completion of the course. The elective course can be implemented in the Stepik system. Training can be carried out either in distance learning or in the form of blended learning. The program code of tasks is checked automatically. Consideration of theory and analysis of tasks are carried out on the interactive computing platform Jupyter Notebook.
СРЕДСТВА ИКТ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ
The article deals with the actual problem of integrating artificial intelligence technologies into the educational process in the context of digital transformation of education. Based on the analysis of scientific, methodological and educational literature, the importance of this direction is shown. An original multilevel structural model of the chatbot with elements of artificial intelligence is proposed, including natural language processing modules, a knowledge base and machine learning algorithms. The integration of the chatbot into solving specific pedagogical tasks is demonstrated, which confirms its potential for implementing a personalized approach to learning. The use of the chatbot with artificial intelligence elements developed by the author to study the theme "Working in spreadsheet processors" in a school informatics course is described, examples of tasks and algorithms for their execution by students are given. The conclusion is made about the prospects of introducing intelligent chatbots to optimize the educational process.
Classical formulations of problems about dense packing of objects on a plane mainly consider the arrangement of circles or polygons in areas with a contour in the form of a circle, polygon or strip. In this article, for the first time (as far as the authors know), various models of the arrangement of pear lobes in the dryer are studied and the transition to tighter packaging is discussed. For drying, the pear is first cut into pieces. Sections along the center line and perpendicular to the center line are considered. The simplest model of a pear plate, the contour of which consists of two arcs of circles and two segments, has been studied in detail. One line is part of the common tangent of the circles, and the other is part of the center line. Next, mathematical models for the arrangement of pears on a rectangular tray and in a cylindrical dryer are considered. The optimal arrangement in a cylindrical dryer is discussed. A computer program in PascalABC language is provided. The study can serve as the basis for developing a project on mathematical and computer modeling for secondary school students with in-depth study of mathematics and informatics. Research topics are available to high school students, and the solution of research problems in discrete geometry can be continued by a high school student or university student.
ИНФОРМАТИКА И ИКТ В НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЕ
The article describes two techniques for systematically teaching the basics of programming to preschool children and primary school children, developed at the Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The widespread use of these techniques requires the execution of resource-intensive algorithms, which a few years ago were only feasible for powerful servers, but today can be executed without delay on mass-produced economy-class tablets. Software support for these two techniques is implemented in the educational textless programming environment PiktoMir. The screen-free method of composing programs from material objects according to the rules of error-free two-dimensional syntax allows you to save children from screen work when composing programs and increase the number of programs children independently compose in each lesson. The use of augmented reality when executing a child's program for moving a robot across the playing field allows the child to free himself from screen work when assembling the gaming environment.