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Informatics in school

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No 1 (2023)
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КОНКУРС ИНФО-2022

7-12 523
Abstract

The article deals with the problem of increasing the internal motivation of schoolchildren when studying programming. The traditional techniques that increase motivation include appealing to the life experience of students, creating a problem situation, solving plot tasks, modeling real events in the educational process (role-playing games). One of the requirements for tasks with applied content is the correspondence of the plot to the age characteristics of students. The fulfillment of this requirement will be possible if the situation described in the plot of the task is socially significant for adolescents, takes into account their interests and current trends in adolescent communication. The article provides examples of plot tasks, the use of which is expedient when teaching programming to basic school students. These tasks allow students to get acquainted with the "list" and "dictionary" data structures, with a pseudo-random number generator, and with creating their own modules in Python.

13-21 205
Abstract

The article discusses the possibilities of using Tello EDU quadrocopters when studying the section "Algorithms and programming" of a school informatics course. Quadrocopters can be used in lessons on the following themes: "Algorithms and executors. A quadrocopter is an executor of algorithms", "Linear algorithms. Programming an autonomous flight of a quadrocopter in the DroneBlocks environment", "Branching algorithms. Programming an autonomous flight of a quadrocopter in the DroneBlocks environment", "Cyclic algorithms. Programming an autonomous flight of a quadrocopter in the DroneBlocks environment". The lesson on the theme "Linear algorithms. Programming an autonomous flight of a quadrocopter in the DroneBlocks environment" is described. The tasks are suggested for each stage of the lesson. At the stage of updating knowledge, students are offered an interactive poster for organizing self-control. The lesson uses such methodological techniques as "Epigraph", "Skipping words", for the reflection of educational activities the technique "Ladder of success" is used.

22-26 319
Abstract

An important stimulus for the development of the cognitive interest of school students is the historical aspect of school knowledge. The use of elements of historicism in informatics lessons and as part of extracurricular activities expands the horizons of students and enhances their general culture, especially considering that the vast majority of modern schoolchildren have little idea of the development of informatics and often cannot even set the time frame for a particular invention. In modern school textbooks, the theme "History of the development of informatics" is not singled out in a separate paragraph, historical facts are given separately, which makes it difficult for students to form a holistic perception of this theme. However, this theme is important for the personal development of students, including the education of patriotism. The article presents an extracurricular activity — a quest dedicated to the Programmer's Day, which is celebrated annually in Russia on September 12 (in leap years) or September 13 (in non-leap years). The quest helps to introduce the children to the main scientists who contributed to the development of informatics, it develops reading literacy skills, the ability to search for the necessary information in the text, search for information on the Internet, including searching by image. The facts used in the quest can later be useful to schoolchildren at various competitions and Olympiads.

27-31 202
Abstract

The article discusses the possibilities of using technoparks of universal pedagogical competencies and "Quantoriums" of pedagogical universities to create conditions for the formation of media information literacy of students, parents and teachers. Media information literacy implies the ability to work with information using information and communication technologies in solving cognitive, communicative and organizational problems in compliance with the requirements of ergonomics, safety, hygiene, resource conservation, legal and ethical standards, and information security standards. The article describes the comprehensive project "TechnoMIG" on the formation of media information literacy, implemented at three levels of training: "TechnoMIG START" — for students of 1–6th grades, "TechnoMIG MASTER" — for students of 7–11th grades, "TechnoMIG EXPERT" — for parents and teachers. Examples of possible educational activities carried out within the framework of the project are given in the article.

32-41 563
Abstract

The article is devoted to the description of methodological approaches to teaching schoolchildren the basics of artificial intelligence based on the technology of organizing project and educational and research activities to achieve meta-subject results of education, the formation of systemic representations and the experience of their application in real life. The experience of organizing courses within the framework of additional education for students of 10–11th grades of secondary school on the use of neural networks in solving practice-oriented problems is presented. The block structure of the content of the courses is given, which is based on the phased implementation of the idea of the future project. A detailed description of the content of each block is given with a demonstration of a presentation of complex theoretical material that is accessible to the understanding of schoolchildren. In particular, recommendations are given for the study of sequential and recurrent models of artificial neural networks, fully connected and convolutional layers, object detectors, as well as an algorithm for training neural networks by backpropagation of errors. Data acquisition tools for training artificial neural networks are described. An algorithm for writing a program for training a neural network to recognize handwritten digits of the MNIST set is characterized. Examples of projects for the use of neural networks, carried out by students together with the teacher as part of the study of the proposed courses, are given.

The article is addressed to teachers of additional education, informatics teachers, teachers and students of universities — everyone who is interested in the use of artificial neural networks in solving practical problems and methods of teaching schoolchildren in project activity.

42-52 142
Abstract

The article describes the educational software environment as an effective way to study the algorithms for constructing and processing AVL trees. The methodological basis for the creation and application of the training program were the works of P. Ya. Galperin and N. F. Talyzina on the phased formation of mental actions. The curriculum presented in the article helps to implement the stages aimed at drawing up the scheme of the indicative basis of the action, forming the action in a materialized form and translating the external action into the internal one. The software environment consists of five sections: theoretical, training, control and two simulators. The theoretical section contains background information with examples, schemes and drawings. The "Training" section consists of five tabs that allow you to choose a detailed step-by-step construction of an AVL tree with a graphical representation and comments. The "Simulators" section includes two simulators — "Balance" and "Turns", work in them is carried out with a randomly generated tree. To assess learning outcomes, you can use the "Test" section, in which test questions are randomly generated and the results of the test are automatically checked. The use of the educational software environment "AVL-trees" in the educational process will allow to organize independent cognitive activity of students; to ensure individual control of learning outcomes mastering; to implement the principle of visibility in teaching through modeling of the objects under study.

TEACHING PRACTICES

53-60 650
Abstract

Today, more and more often, teachers — practitioners and researchers — talk about a decrease in the motivation of schoolchildren for educational activities, including the study of informatics, which is a strategically important educational discipline in the context of the digital transformation of society. As one of the factors in the development of schoolchildren's motivation to study informatics, it is proposed to consider the visual representation of the content of education in textbooks and teaching aids. Based on the analysis of informatics textbooks used in educational organizations at the level of basic general education, it was concluded that all of them have a significant textual component, but are rather modestly illustrated. In addition to the informatics textbook, a comics created by the author is proposed — the content of the informatics textbook for class VII presented in pictures.

61-80 266
Abstract

The article presents the author's polyprogram methodology of teaching the theme "Creation and processing of text information" for teaching informatics at the level of basic general education. The methodology is based on the use of four main components of the free cross-platform LibreOffice office suite: LibreOffice Writer text editor, LibreOffice Math mathematical formula editor, LibreOffice Calc spreadsheets (for creating diagrams), LibreOffice Draw vector graphics editor (for creating drawings and diagrams).

The relevance of the work is determined, first of all, by the tightening of economic sanctions against Russian engineering universities by the governments of a number of Western countries in 2021, which consists, in particular, in the refusal of proprietary software developers to provide a license to use their software, as well as the need of domestic education in informatics teaching methods that are insensitive to the form of education (full-time, distance), suitable for use in the conditions of a sudden transfer of the educational process to a distance form due to a pandemic or other critical factors.

The developed elements of the methodology mean a stack of practical tasks, during which students develop the set of digital skills necessary to create complex combined multi-page text documents. Moreover, the development of these skills takes place both in the classroom and when performing practical homework tasks. The article describes this set of practical tasks simultaneously with the tools used for these purposes and the functionality of LibreOffice Writer.

81-88 135
Abstract

The article describes the tasks of the regional robotics challenge "Round Dance of Cultures". The tasks presented in the article can be used both for organizing competitions in robotics, and for conducting classes in the design and programming of robots with students of different levels of training. Tasks are united by the theme, and each task has its own plot. Tasks allow you to get acquainted with the basic commands for controlling the movement of the robot in a playful way or to fix them. Polygons or 3D obstacles have been developed for each task. The article presents plots, wording of tasks and rules for scoring points for complete or partial completion of a task. Tasks of two levels of complexity are offered: "Beginner" and "Amateur". The tasks were successfully tested at the robotics challenge in 2022.

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ISSN 2221-1993 (Print)