Preview

Informatics in school

Advanced search
No 6 (2020)
View or download the full issue PDF (Russian)

CONTESTS

ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ

8-18 601
Abstract

The article proposes to take a fresh look at the traditional for any informatics course material, which describes the fundamental principles of number representation. It considers in details the ideas how different number notations are formed; special attention is paid to the problem related to the amount of numerals used for presenting values in every digit. It is shown that frequent in school informatics definition of radix as an amount of numerals that employed in a system becomes incorrect under careful review. For those who want to discuss this problem at a lesson, two ways are possible: one (stricter) is founded on mathematical formulas, and another is based on a generalization of various notation examples; both methods are presented in the article. Besides for demonstrative narrating of the material to pupils the authors designed their own analogy, which facilitates understanding of the topic. Practical application of notations to computer technique is also discussed.

ИСТОРИЯ ИНФОРМАТИКИ

19-23 817
Abstract

For the first time in the Russian-language literature, the article analyzes the works of the English mathematician, geographer and astronomer Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) related to the binary number system. The various variants of the binary notation of numbers presented in the works, examples of converting a decimal number to a binary number and vice versa, examples of four arithmetic operations in the binary number system, the execution methods of which coincide with modern ones, as well as an example of multiplication by an original method, the name of which can be translated in Latin as "another method is sequential addition" are given. All this allows us to conclude that Thomas Harriot described the binary number system earlier than the great German scientist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who did so in his work "Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire" in 1703.

TEACHING PRACTICES

24-33 386
Abstract

The article presents the structure, content and results of approbation of the C++ programming course developed for the 10th grade students of physics and mathematics profile and implemented as part of the academic subject “Informatics”. The aim of the course is to develop in the student not only knowledge and skills in programming, but also his algorithmic culture and programming culture as important qualities of a potential IT-specialist. This is facilitated by special control of educational process by the teacher, which consists in monitoring the activities of students in writing programs and timely correction of this activity. The assessment of the level of development of student algorithmic culture and programming culture relative to the basic level of their formation (when mastering the basics of algorithmization and programming in the 9th grade) was carried out on the basis of a number of criteria presented in the article. The results of approbation showed that the specially organized teacher activity makes it possible to increase the level of algorithmic culture and programming culture of high school students when studying the basics of programming in C++.

34-46 471
Abstract

The article provides an overview of the lessons of the information portal "Moscow Electronic School" ("Biblioteka MEHSH") on the controlled element of the content of the line "Modeling and formalization". The structure of lessons on computer modeling is proposed, and examples of lessons that can be used to conduct binary lessons by a subject teacher together with a informatics teacher are considered. Computer modeling is presented as a way of implementing interdisciplinary connections in the "aim — result" format.

47-50 903
Abstract

The article discusses the features of teaching programming in Python of high school students, taking into account the experience of programming in the Pascal language obtained by students in the main school. Based on the analysis of the content of textbooks for in-depth study of informatics and their own experience of teaching informatics, the authors show the advantages of the Python language for motivating students to study it and use specific examples to reveal certain methodological aspects of teaching programming in the Python language. In particular, using a comparative analysis of program codes for implementing data input and output procedures, conditional algorithmic construction, as well as for describing data types in two programming languages, the authors clearly show the advantages of developing programs in Python. More specific details of programming are considered on the example of the theme "Arrays".

51-57 336
Abstract

The article discusses some methods for numerically finding the roots of nonlinear equations, which are determined by numerical methods using the construction of a spreadsheet Microsoft Excel and an application in the Visual Basic for Applications environment. The simplest methods are used: the binary division method and the chord method. The article presents the construction of spreadsheets, the algorithm, the method of creation the VBA application, and the text of the corresponding procedures. The material of the article can be used in informatics courses, both at school and at university, for the development of interdisciplinary connections between informatics and mathematics and expanding ideas about the possibilities of spreadsheets. The problems presented in the article were successfully solved by 10th grade students (profile "Mathematics. Informatics") and first-year students of pedagogical university of the profiles "Physics. Mathematics", "Physics. Informatics". The article reflects the author's personal experience of teaching the course "Informatics" at South Ural State University of Humanities and Education and at school.

58-64 361
Abstract

The article describes a methodology for teaching the technology of constructing a geoinformation model using MS Excel. This methodology is built taking into account the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education and the requirements provided for in the implementation of the approximate educational program of the course "Informatics" along the line "Modeling and Formalization". The authors proposed a laboratory work, within which the students, firstly, learn the new capabilities of the MS Excel package, associated with the use of Power Query and 3D Maps technologies; secondly, they get the initial skills in processing "raw" data in real time; thirdly, they learn the modeling process, in fact, without going beyond the competence of the school informatics course. In general, the laboratory work describes the technology of geoinformation modeling of real processes and has great variability, and therefore can be easily adapted for research and visualization of other updated data. The format for describing the methodology for performing laboratory work is presented in the form of the traditional Key-by-Key technology, which is widely used in obtaining professional competencies in the field of information technology.



ISSN 2221-1993 (Print)