<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">infoschool</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика в школе</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics in school</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-1993</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House Education and Informatics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32517/2221-1993-2021-20-7-15-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">infoschool-572</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕТОДИКИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАТИКЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ШКОЛЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О некоторых аспектах цифровой экологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>About some aspects of digital ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданова Диана Александровна – кандидат педагогических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.a.bogdanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданова Д.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданова Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanova D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://school.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/572">https://school.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/572</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье проанализированы ситуация с распространением дезинформации в современной информационной среде и сложности представления и восприятия опровержений, обусловленные эффектами «продолжительного влияния», «обратного действия» и существованием поляризованных сообществ — «эхо-камер». Рассмотрены опасности дипфейков. Рассмотрен новый тип контент-маркетинга с говорящим названием кликбейт (clickbait): «заголовок-наживка», «заголовок-приманка». Он серьезно революционизировал способы распространения контента и привлечения читательского внимания. Владение навыками медиаграмотности детьми и взрослыми в этих условиях становится ключевым фактором для оценки онлайн-контента и выявления дезинформации. А поскольку дезинформация принимает новые и вирусные формы, обучение как детей, так и учителей тому, как ее идентифицировать и как с ней взаимодействовать, становится особенно актуальным. Сделан вывод о необходимости создания и введения в программу подготовки всех учителей-предметников курса по медиаграмотности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The situation with the spread of disinformation in the modern information environment and the complexity of the presentation and perception of refutations caused by the effects of "lasting influence", "reverse action" and the existence of polarized communities — "echo chambers" have been analysed. The dangers of deepfakes have been considered. A new type of content marketing with the self-explanatory name clickbait has been considered. It has seriously revolutionized the way content is distributed and attracted readers' attention. The proficiency of media literacy skills by children and adults in these conditions becomes a key factor in assessing online content and detecting misinformation. And as disinformation takes on new and viral forms, teaching children and teachers how to identify it and interact with it becomes especially relevant. It is concluded that it is necessary to create and introduce a media literacy course into the training program for all subject teachers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дезинформация</kwd><kwd>медиаграмотность</kwd><kwd>фейковые новости</kwd><kwd>дипфейк</kwd><kwd>эффект «продолжительного влияния»</kwd><kwd>эффект «обратного действия»</kwd><kwd>феномен ложного баланса</kwd><kwd>«эхо-камера»</kwd><kwd>кликбейт</kwd><kwd>листикл</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>disinformation</kwd><kwd>misinformation</kwd><kwd>media literacy</kwd><kwd>fake-news</kwd><kwd>deepfake</kwd><kwd>"lasting influence" effect</kwd><kwd>"reverse action" effect</kwd><kwd>false balance phenomenon</kwd><kwd>"echo chamber"</kwd><kwd>clickbait</kwd><kwd>listicle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданова Д. А. Об одном аспекте медиаграмотности, или «Семь способов», как привлечь внимание пользователя // Материалы ХХХ международной конференции «Современные информационные технологии в образовании» ИТО-Троицк-2019 (25 июня 2019 года). Ч. 1. Троицк, 2019. С. 56—58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Богданова Д. А. Об одном аспекте медиаграмотности, или «Семь способов», как привлечь внимание пользователя // Материалы ХХХ международной конференции «Современные информационные технологии в образовании» ИТО-Троицк-2019 (25 июня 2019 года). Ч. 1. Троицк, 2019. С. 56—58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданова Д. А. Форум Евросоюза по детской интернет-безопасности // Информатика в школе. 2018. № 9. С. 7—9. DOI: 10.32517/2221-1993-2018-17-9-7-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Богданова Д. А. Форум Евросоюза по детской интернет-безопасности // Информатика в школе. 2018. № 9. С. 7—9. DOI: 10.32517/2221-1993-2018-17-9-7-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Педагогические аспекты формирования медийной и информационной грамотности // Институт ЮНЕСКО по информационным технологиям в образовании. https://iite.unesco.org/pics/publications/ru/files/3214708.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Педагогические аспекты формирования медийной и информационной грамотности // Институт ЮНЕСКО по информационным технологиям в образовании. https://iite.unesco.org/pics/publications/ru/files/3214708.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пособие по разоблачению. https://www.climatechange-communication.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Debunking-Handbook2020-Russian.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пособие по разоблачению. https://www.climatechange-communication.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Debunking-Handbook2020-Russian.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Betteridge's law (of headlines) // TechTarget. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Betteridges-law-of-headlines</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Betteridge's law (of headlines) // TechTarget. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Betteridges-law-of-headlines</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clickbait // English Oxford Living dictionaries. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/clickbait</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clickbait // English Oxford Living dictionaries. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/clickbait</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deepfake // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/e/tech-science/deepfake/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deepfake // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/e/tech-science/deepfake/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Digital Wildfires in a Hyperconnected World // World Economic Forum. Global Risks. Reports, 2013. http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2013/risk-case-1/digital-wildfires-in-a-hyperconnected-world/?doing_wp_cron=1517234516.7952280044555664062500</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Digital Wildfires in a Hyperconnected World // World Economic Forum. Global Risks. Reports, 2013. http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2013/risk-case-1/digital-wildfires-in-a-hyperconnected-world/?doing_wp_cron=1517234516.7952280044555664062500</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Disinformation // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/disinformation#</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Disinformation // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/disinformation#</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fake Obama created using AI video tool — BBC News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmUC4m6w1wo</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fake Obama created using AI video tool — BBC News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmUC4m6w1wo</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fake-news // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fake-news#</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fake-news // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fake-news#</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Food ad tricks. Helping kids understand food ads on TV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUjz_eiIX8k</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Food ad tricks. Helping kids understand food ads on TV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUjz_eiIX8k</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LILAC: The information literacy conference // The University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University. 2018. April, 4-6. https://www.lilacconference.com/lilac-archive/lilac-2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LILAC: The information literacy conference // The University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University. 2018. April, 4-6. https://www.lilacconference.com/lilac-archive/lilac-2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Listicle // English Oxford Living dictionaries. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/listicle</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Listicle // English Oxford Living dictionaries. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/listicle</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Misinformation // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/misinformation?s=t</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Misinformation // Google's English dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/misinformation?s=t</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman N., Levy D., Nielsen R. K. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2015 (Social Science Research Network). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2619576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman N., Levy D., Nielsen R. K. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2015 (Social Science Research Network). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2619576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Open Access. http://elab.lms.athabascau.ca/course/view.php?id=7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Open Access. http://elab.lms.athabascau.ca/course/view.php?id=7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polizzi G. Fake news, Covid-19 and digital literacy: Do what the experts do // LSE. 2020. June, 17. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/06/17/fake-news-covid-19-and-digital-literacy-do-what-the-experts-do/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polizzi G. Fake news, Covid-19 and digital literacy: Do what the experts do // LSE. 2020. June, 17. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/06/17/fake-news-covid-19-and-digital-literacy-do-what-the-experts-do/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
