<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">infoschool</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика в школе</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics in school</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-1993</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House Education and Informatics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32517/2221-1993-2020-19-6-19-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">infoschool-470</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ИНФОРМАТИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Из истории двоичной системы счисления. Томас Харриот</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM. THOMAS HARRIOT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Златопольский</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlatopolski</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Златопольский Дмитрий Михайлович, канд. тех. наук, доцент, руководитель музея истории вычислительной техники</p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Егерская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zlatonew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шилов Валерий Владимирович, канд. тех. наук, ст. научный сотрудник, профессор</p><p>101000, г. Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valery-54@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Музей истории вычислительной техники школы № 1530 «Школа Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School 1530 "Lomonosov School"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University "Higher School of Economics"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Златопольский Д.М., Шилов В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Златопольский Д.М., Шилов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zlatopolski D.M., Shilov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://school.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/470">https://school.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/470</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье впервые в русскоязычной литературе приведен анализ трудов английского математика, географа и астронома Томаса Харриота (1560–1621), связанных с двоичной системой счисления. Приведены представленные в его трудах различные варианты двоичной записи чисел, примеры перевода десятичного числа в двоичное и обратно, примеры четырех арифметических действий в двоичной системе счисления, методы выполнения которых совпадают с современными, а также пример умножения оригинальным методом, название которого на латыни можно перевести как «другой метод — последовательного сложения». Все это позволяет сделать вывод о том, что Томас Харриот описал двоичную систему счисления раньше великого немецкого ученого Готфрида Вильгельма Лейбница, сделавшего это в своей работе «Explication de l’Arithm é tique Binaire…» в 1703 году.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the first time in the Russian-language literature, the article analyzes the works of the English mathematician, geographer and astronomer Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) related to the binary number system. The various variants of the binary notation of numbers presented in the works, examples of converting a decimal number to a binary number and vice versa, examples of four arithmetic operations in the binary number system, the execution methods of which coincide with modern ones, as well as an example of multiplication by an original method, the name of which can be translated in Latin as "another method is sequential addition" are given. All this allows us to conclude that Thomas Harriot described the binary number system earlier than the great German scientist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who did so in his work "Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire" in 1703.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история информатики</kwd><kwd>двоичная система счисления</kwd><kwd>Томас Харриот</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>informatics history</kwd><kwd>binary number system</kwd><kwd>Thomas Harriot</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander A. R. Lunar maps and coastal outlines: Thomas Hariot’s mapping of the Moon // Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1998. Vol. 29. P. 345–368. DOI: 10.1016/S0039-3681(98)00011-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander A. R. Lunar maps and coastal outlines: Thomas Hariot’s mapping of the Moon // Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1998. Vol. 29. P. 345–368. DOI: 10.1016/S0039-3681(98)00011-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloom T. F. Borrowed perceptions: Harriot’s maps of the Moon // Journal for the history of astronomy, 1978. Vol. 9. P. 117–122. DOI: 10.1177/002182867800900203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloom T. F. Borrowed perceptions: Harriot’s maps of the Moon // Journal for the history of astronomy, 1978. Vol. 9. P. 117–122. DOI: 10.1177/002182867800900203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cajori F. A History of Mathematical Notations. Vol. 1. 1928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cajori F. A History of Mathematical Notations. Vol. 1. 1928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glaser A. History of binary and other nondecimal numeration. 1981. DOI: 10.2307/3104691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glaser A. History of binary and other nondecimal numeration. 1981. DOI: 10.2307/3104691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leibnitz, Godefroy-Guillaume. Explication de l’Arithm é tique Binaire… // M é moires de math é matique et de physique de l’Acad é mie royale des sciences, Acad é mie royale des sciences, 1703. P. 85–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leibnitz, Godefroy-Guillaume. Explication de l’Arithm é tique Binaire… // M é moires de math é matique et de physique de l’Acad é mie royale des sciences, Acad é mie royale des sciences, 1703. P. 85–89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pepper J. V. The study of Thomas Harriot’s manuscripts. II. Harriot’s unpublished papers // History of science, 1967. Vol. 6. P. 17–40. DOI: 10.1177/007327536700600102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pepper J. V. The study of Thomas Harriot’s manuscripts. II. Harriot’s unpublished papers // History of science, 1967. Vol. 6. P. 17–40. DOI: 10.1177/007327536700600102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seltman M., Goulding R. (eds.). Thomas Harriot’s Artis Analyticae Praxis: An English Translation with Commentary. Springer, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seltman M., Goulding R. (eds.). Thomas Harriot’s Artis Analyticae Praxis: An English Translation with Commentary. Springer, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirley J. W. Binary numeration before Leibniz // American Journal of Physics, 1951. Vol. 19. P. 452–454. DOI: 10.119/1.1933042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirley J. W. Binary numeration before Leibniz // American Journal of Physics, 1951. Vol. 19. P. 452–454. DOI: 10.119/1.1933042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirley J. W. Thomas Harriot: a biography. Oxford, 1983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirley J. W. Thomas Harriot: a biography. Oxford, 1983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanner R. C. H. The study of Thomas Harriot’s manuscripts. I. Harriot’s will // History of science, 1967. Vol. 6. P. 1–16. DOI: 10.1177/007327536700600101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanner R. C. H. The study of Thomas Harriot’s manuscripts. I. Harriot’s will // History of science, 1967. Vol. 6. P. 1–16. DOI: 10.1177/007327536700600101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
